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GNDU Most Repeated (Important) Quesons
B.B.A 1st Semester
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR BUSINESS – I
(Based on 4-Year GNDU Queson Paper Trend Analysis: 2021–2024)
Must-Prepare Quesons (80–100% Probability)
SECTION–A (Computer Fundamentals & Components)
1. Types of Computers / Components of Computer System
Appeared in: 2021 (Q1), 2023 (Q1), 2024 (Q1)
2. Storage Devices – Meaning, Types, and Examples
Appeared in: 2021 (Q2), 2023 (Q2)
3. Memory Types – Internal & External / RAM vs ROM
Appeared in: 2022 (Q1)
2025 Smart Predicon Table
(Based on GNDU 2021–2024 Trend)
Queson Topic
Years
Appeared
Probability for 2025
1
Types of Computers / Components of
Computer
2021, 2023,
2024
(100%)
2
Storage Devices (Types & Uses)
2021, 2023
(90%)
3
Internal & External Commands of DOS (with
Examples)
2021, 2023,
2024
(100%)
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2025 GUARANTEED QUESTIONS (100% Appearance Trend)
Top 7 Must-Prepare Topics (Appeared in All or Most Years)
1. Dene and explain the dierent Types of Computers and their Components.
2. Dierenate between Internal and External Commands of DOS with examples.
BONUS HIGH-PRIORITY (80–90%) Quesons
8. What are the main Storage Devices of a computer? Explain with examples.
GNDU Most Repeated (Important) Answer
B.B.A 1st Semester
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR BUSINESS – I
(Based on 4-Year GNDU Queson Paper Trend Analysis: 2021–2024)
Must-Prepare Quesons (80–100% Probability)
SECTION–A (Computer Fundamentals & Components)
Types of Computers / Components of Computer System
Appeared in: 2021 (Q1), 2023 (Q1), 2024 (Q1)
Ans: A Story-Based Introduction
On a rainy evening in a small town, a curious boy named Aarav sat by the window,
staring at a glowing screen in front of him—his old desktop computer. He often
wondered, “How does this magical machine work? How does it store movies, solve
maths, play music, and show videos?” One fine day, while preparing for his Computer
Science exam, he decided to uncover the story behind computers—not just to score
well, but to really understand them.
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Little did he know that today he would travel into the World of Computers—a world
filled with brain-like processors, memory libraries, hardworking input-output
messengers, and different computer kingdoms like supercomputers, mini computers,
and microcomputers. Let’s join Aarav on his journey and unfold this topic in a fun and
simple way.
Two Main Parts of the Topic
This question has two major areas:
Part A – Types of Computers
Part B – Components of a Computer System
We’ll explain both step by step in a storytelling + logical format, easy enough for any
student and impressive enough for any examiner.
PART A – Types of Computers
Computers are not just laptops and desktops. In fact, they exist in many forms—some
are small enough to fit in your hand, and some are so powerful that they help scientists
explore space! Let’s explore their types.
Computers can be classified in two main ways:
1. Based on Purpose
2. Based on Size and Power
Classification 1: Based on Purpose
Type
Explanation
General Purpose
Computers
Used for everyday work like studying, office tasks, emails,
browsing. Examples: PC, Laptop
Special Purpose
Computers
Designed for a specific job only. Examples: ATMs, traffic control
systems, washing machine controllers, missile systems
Imagine a chef who can cook anything—he is like a general purpose computer. But a
chaiwala who only makes tea is like a special purpose computer—excellent at just one
task.
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Classification 2: Based on Size and Performance
Computers can be arranged from smallest to largest and from weakest to most
powerful as follows:
1. Micro Computers – The Small Heroes
These are small-sized computers used by individuals. They can be single-user computers.
Examples: PCs, Laptops, Smartphones, Tablets
2. Mini Computers – Small but Powerful
Used by small businesses to handle data for 10–50 persons at a time.
Example: Used in banks, colleges, departmental stores
3. Mainframe Computers – The Data Kings
Big organizations use them to process huge amounts of data.
Examples: Used by railways, airlines, insurance companies
4. Super Computers – The Fastest in the Universe
These are the most powerful computers in the world. They solve complex problems like
weather forecasting, space research, nuclear experiments.
Examples: PARAM (India), Sunway TaihuLight (China)
Summary Table
Category
Example
Users
Speed
Micro
Laptop
Single user
Normal
Mini
Bank computer
10–50 users
Fast
Mainframe
Railway system
Hundreds of users
Very fast
Supercomputer
ISRO
Thousands of users
Ultra-fast
Now that Aarav understood the types of computers, he wanted to know: “What is a
computer made of?” And so begins Part B – Components of Computer System.
PART B – Components of Computer System
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Before we enter this world, remember one rule:
A computer is a combination of Hardware + Software + User (Humanware).
Just like a human needs body + mind + purpose, a computer also needs these three
parts to function.
Main Components:
1. Input Unit
2. Output Unit
3. Memory Unit
4. Control Unit
5. Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
6. Software
Input Unit – The Gateway
Input devices are like messengers that carry instructions from the user to the computer.
Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, Barcode Reader, Touch Screen
When Aarav types "2 + 2" on the keyboard, it goes inside the computer using the input
unit.
🖥 Output Unit – The Communicator
Output devices show the results after processing.
Examples: Monitor, Printer, Speakers, Projector
If the computer calculates 2 + 2 = 4, the answer is displayed on the monitor—this is
output.
Memory Unit – The Library of the Computer
Memory stores data temporarily and permanently. It has 2 types:
• Primary Memory – RAM & ROM
• Secondary Memory – Hard Disk, SSD, Pen Drive
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RAM is like a blackboard—temporary.
ROM is like a textbook—permanent instructions.
ALU – The Math Master
The Arithmetic & Logic Unit does all calculations and decision-making.
Example:
• Arithmetic: 5 × 4, 80 – 2
• Logic: Yes/No decisions, > or < comparisons
🕹 Control Unit – The Traffic Police
The Control Unit controls all parts of the system. It tells input what to send, ALU what to
calculate, and output what to show.
Software – The Soul of the Computer
Software gives instructions to hardware.
Types of Software:
1. System Software – OS like Windows, Linux, Android
2. Application Software – MS Word, YouTube, Browser
3. Utility Software – Antivirus, Disk Cleaner
2. Storage Devices – Meaning, Types, and Examples
Appeared in: 2021 (Q2), 2023 (Q2)
Ans: Storage Devices – Meaning, Types, and Examples
A Fresh and Engaging Beginning
Imagine waking up one morning and discovering that your phone has forgotten all your
photos, songs, contacts, and even your WhatsApp chats! Your laptop no longer
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remembers your assignments, and your computer has no operating system at all.
Everything just vanished. Scary, right?
This little nightmare helps us understand how important storage is in the world of
computers. Without storage, devices would be like humans with no memory—unable to
remember yesterday or even a few seconds ago.
So today, let’s go on a journey to understand:
• What are storage devices?
• Why are they necessary?
• What are their types?
• What are some examples and uses?
I promise, by the end of this explanation, you’ll understand storage devices not like a
boring topic from a textbook, but as heroes of the digital world—quietly saving our data
every moment!
What Are Storage Devices?
A storage device is a hardware device used to store data, either temporarily or
permanently. Data here means anything:
Your selfies
Videos
Songs
Apps
Documents
Even the Operating System like Windows or Android
These devices save information so it can be used later. Without them, a computer could
perform calculations but couldn’t remember anything!
Why Are Storage Devices Needed?
Storage devices play 4 important roles:
Purpose
Explanation
Save data permanently
So we can retrieve it later even after the computer is
turned off
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Purpose
Explanation
Backup important
information
To avoid data loss
Transfer data
Share files between devices
Load and run software
Without storage, no operating system or apps can run
Diagram: Computer Memory and Storage Hierarchy
Classification of Storage Devices
Storage devices are generally divided into two main types:
1. Primary Storage (Main Memory)
This is the memory that the CPU can directly access. It stores data temporarily while the
computer is working.
Feature
Primary Storage
Type
Volatile (data lost when power off)
Speed
Very fast
Size
Smaller in capacity
Example
RAM, Cache
2. Secondary Storage
Used for long-term data storage. Even when power is off, the data remains safe.
Feature
Secondary Storage
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Type
Non-volatile
Speed
Slower than RAM
Size
Large capacity
Example
HDD, SSD, CD, USB, Memory card
Types of Storage Devices – Detailed Explanation with Examples
Let’s divide them properly:
A. Primary Storage Devices
1. RAM (Random Access Memory)
• Called main memory.
• Stores data temporarily.
• Faster than other storage.
• More RAM = faster computer.
Example: 4GB, 8GB, 16GB RAM
Uses: Loading apps, running games, multitasking.
2. ROM (Read Only Memory)
• Permanent memory.
• Stores system instructions.
• Cannot be modified easily.
• Used during system startup (booting).
Example: BIOS
Uses: Starts the operating system.
B. Secondary Storage Devices
These are our permanent data savers!
1. Magnetic Storage Devices
These use magnetic patterns to store data.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
• Common in PCs and laptops.
• Large capacity (up to 4TB or more)
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• Slower than SSD
• Cheaper
Uses: Storing movies, software, backups.
Floppy Disk (Old technology)
• Very small capacity (1.44MB)
• Now obsolete
2. Optical Storage Devices
Data stored using laser light.
CD (Compact Disc)
• Capacity: 700MB
• Used for music and small software
DVD (Digital Versatile Disc)
• Capacity: 4.7GB – 8.5GB
• Used for movies and games
Blu-ray Disc
• Capacity: 25GB – 128GB
• High-definition video storage
3. Solid State Storage Devices
These use flash memory—no moving parts. Faster and more reliable.
SSD (Solid State Drive)
• Very fast boot time
• Durable
• Expensive but popular
Pen Drive (USB Flash Drive)
• Portable
• Used for data transfer
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Memory Card
• Used in mobile phones, cameras
4. Cloud Storage
Store data on the internet using servers.
Examples:
Google Drive
Dropbox
OneDrive
iCloud
Advantages:
✔ Access anytime, anywhere
✔ Easy data sharing
✔ Safe backup
Comparison Table
Feature
HDD
SSD
Pen Drive
Cloud Storage
Speed
Slow
Very Fast
Moderate
Depends on internet
Durability
Less
High
High
Very High
Portability
Low
Low
High
Very High
Cost
Cheap
Costly
Cheap
Subscription
Capacity
High
High
Medium
Unlimited
Conclusion – The Final Story Summary
In our journey today, we explored the wonder world of storage devices. These simple-
looking parts are the memory of computers. They store our digital life—photos, videos,
software, documents, and even the operating system.
We learned:
✔ What storage devices are
✔ Why they are important
✔ Primary vs Secondary storage
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✔ Types: Magnetic, Optical, Flash, Cloud
✔ Examples like HDD, SSD, CD, DVD, Pen drive, etc.
Without storage, even the smartest computer is empty and useless. That’s why storage
devices are called the heart of digital memory.
Memory Types – Internal & External / RAM vs ROM
Appeared in: 2022 (Q1)
Ans: A NEW BEGINNING – THE STORY OF A COMPUTER'S MEMORY
Imagine walking into a grand palace known as Computer Kingdom. Inside this palace
lives King Processor (CPU), the ruler of all operations. The king is fast, intelligent, and
powerful—but he has one big problem: he cannot remember everything! Without
memory, the king would be lost. So, he hires a team of assistants called Memory Units
to help him remember, store, and retrieve information whenever needed.
Memory is what allows a computer to:
Store data
Recall instructions
Run programs
Work efficiently
Memory is like the brain of a computer—without it, the system cannot function. In this
story, we will explore types of computer memory, especially Internal vs External
Memory and RAM vs ROM, through an easy explanation.
ROLE OF MEMORY IN A COMPUTER
Before understanding types, let’s know why memory is essential:
Memory Function
Importance
Storage
Saves data and instructions
Speed
Helps CPU process quickly
Accessibility
Supplies data when needed
Permanent Storage
Keeps data even after power is off
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MAIN TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY
Computer memory is divided into two main types:
Let’s explore both of them in a friendly manner.
INTERNAL MEMORY (PRIMARY MEMORY)
Internal memory lives inside the computer. It works directly with the CPU. It is fast but
small in size. It is also known as Main Memory or Primary Memory.
Internal memory is of two types:
1. RAM (Random Access Memory)
2. ROM (Read Only Memory)
Why is Internal Memory important?
King Processor (CPU) works only with data present in Internal Memory. If data is in hard
disk or USB, it must first come to RAM before CPU can use it.
RAM – Random Access Memory
RAM is called the working memory of a computer. Think of it like a notebook that helps
you solve problems temporarily. Once the power is off, everything in RAM is erased –
that’s why we call it Volatile Memory.
Features of RAM:
Feature
Description
Full Form
Random Access Memory
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Nature
Volatile (data lost when power is off)
Usage
Temporary storage
Speed
Very fast
Editable
Yes
Types of RAM:
1. SRAM (Static RAM) – Faster and expensive, used in cache memory.
2. DRAM (Dynamic RAM) – Slower but cheaper, used in main memory.
3. SDRAM – Synchronous with CPU clock.
4. DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4, DDR5 RAM – Used in modern computers.
ROM – Read Only Memory
ROM is permanent memory. It stores important instructions required to start the
computer. These instructions are called BIOS (Basic Input Output System). ROM keeps
data even when power is off, so it is non-volatile memory.
Features of ROM:
Feature
Description
Full Form
Read Only Memory
Nature
Non-volatile
Usage
Stores BIOS/startup instructions
Speed
Slower than RAM
Editable
Mostly No
Types of ROM:
Type
Description
PROM
Programmable once
EPROM
Erasable using UV light
EEPROM
Can be erased electrically
Flash ROM
Used in pen drives, BIOS chips
INTERNAL MEMORY DIAGRAM
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EXTERNAL MEMORY (SECONDARY MEMORY)
External memory is used for long-term storage. It is also called Secondary Memory or
Auxiliary Storage. It holds data permanently until a user deletes it.
Examples of External Memory:
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Solid State Drive (SSD)
Pen Drive
CD/DVD
Memory Card
Magnetic Tape
Cloud Storage
Why External Memory is needed?
Internal memory is not enough to store movies, documents, games, photos, or software
permanently. That’s why we store large data in External Memory – it is cheaper and
larger.
Feature
Internal Memory
External Memory
Speed
Very fast
Slower
Cost
Expensive
Cheaper
Volatility
RAM is volatile
Non-volatile
Location
Inside computer
Outside CPU
Capacity
Small
Very Large
RAM VS ROM (KEY DIFFERENCE)
Basis
RAM
ROM
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Full Form
Random Access Memory
Read Only Memory
Usage
Temporary data storage
Stores boot instructions
Speed
Fast
Slow
Data lost on power off?
Yes
No
Editable?
Yes
No (mostly)
Type of Memory
Volatile
Non-Volatile
ADVANTAGES OF DIFFERENT MEMORY TYPES
Advantages of RAM:
✔ Speeds up computer
✔ Allows multitasking
✔ Stores running program data
Advantages of ROM:
✔ Permanent storage
✔ Essential for system boot
✔ Does not need power
Advantages of External Memory:
✔ Stores large data
✔ Portable options
✔ Low cost per GB
HIERARCHY OF COMPUTER MEMORY
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REAL-LIFE EXAMPLE
Imagine you are preparing for an exam:
Memory Type
Real-World Example
RAM
Your rough notebook used while studying
ROM
The printed instructions on exam paper
External Memory
Your cupboard where books are stored
Cache Memory
Important notes kept on your study table
TYPES OF SECONDARY (EXTERNAL) MEMORY
1. Magnetic Storage
• Hard Disk
• Floppy Disk (old)
• Magnetic Tapes
2. Optical Storage
• CD (700MB)
• DVD (4.7GB)
• Blu-ray (25GB+)
3. Flash Storage
• Pen Drives
• SSD
• Memory Cards
• Micro SD Cards
EXTRA DIAGRAM – MEMORY CLASSIFICATION
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CONCLUSION
In conclusion, memory is the backbone of a computer system. Without memory, even
the fastest CPU would be helpless. RAM makes the system fast and efficient while ROM
ensures it starts properly every time. Internal memory works closely with the CPU while
external memory stores massive amounts of data permanently.
Understanding memory types helps us admire how smartly computers are designed just
like a wise kingdom ruled by a powerful processor and supported by memory assistants.
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